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In electronics, especially audio and sound recording, a high impedance bridging, voltage bridging, or simply bridging connection is one in which the load impedance is much larger than the source impedance. In cases where only the load impedance can be varied, maximizing the load impedance serves to both minimize the current drawn by the load and maximize the voltage signal across load. In cases where only the source impedance can be varied, minimizing the source impedance serves to maximize both the voltage across the load and the current, and therefore maximizing power delivered to the load. The other typical configuration is an impedance matching connection in which the source and load impedances are either equal or complex conjugates. Such a configuration serves to either prevent reflections when transmission lines are involved, or to maximize power delivered to the load given an unchangeable source impedance. == Explanation == When the output of a device (consisting of the voltage source ''V''S and output impedance ''Z''S in illustration) is connected to the input of another device (the load impedance ''Z''L in the illustration), it is a ''bridging connection'' if the input impedance of the load device is much greater than the output impedance of the source device. : Given an unchangeable ''Z''S, one can maximize the voltage across ''Z''L by making ''Z''L as large as possible. This also correspondingly minimizes the current drawn from the source device. This has a number of effects including: increased signal level (when the signal in question is completely described by the voltage, as often is the case with audio), reduced distortion due to the source having to output less current, and possibly increased environment noise pickup (since the combined parallel impedance of ''Z''S and ''Z''L becomes higher and makes it easier for stray noise to drive the signal node). This situation is typically encountered in line or mic level connections where the source device (such as the line-out of an audio player or the output of a microphone) has a fixed output impedance which cannot be changed. In such cases, maximum signal level with minimum distortion is obtained with a receiving device that has as high an input impedance as possible (not considering noise). In the cases of devices with very high output impedances, such as with a guitar or a high-Z mic, a DI box can be used to convert the high output impedances to a lower impedance so as to not require the receiving device to have outrageously high input impedance and thus suffer drawbacks such as increased noise pickup with long cable runs. In such cases, the DI box is placed close to the source device (such as the guitar and mic), and any long cables are attached to the output of the DI box (which usually also converts unbalanced signals to balanced signals to further increase noise immunity). Note that the increased voltage signal gotten from increasing ''Z''L comes at a cost, since in order to drive other circuits down the chain with the higher voltage, a powered buffering stage is required (such is the basic operating principle of active DI boxes and any high impedance receiving circuit in general). Given an unchangeable ''Z''L, one can maximize both the voltage and current (and therefore, the power) at the load by minimizing ''Z''S. This situation is mostly encountered in the interface between an audio amplifier and a loudspeaker. In such cases, the impedance of the loudspeaker is fixed (a typical value being 8Ω), so to deliver the maximum power to the speaker, the output impedance of the amplifier should be made as small as possible (ideally zero). Both of the above cases fits the bridging criterion mathematically, however most uses of the term ''impedance bridging'' applies only to the first case. A connection is commonly said to be bridged if the load impedance is at least ten times the source impedance. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Impedance bridging」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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